In microwave photonics (MWP) devices, the worlds of radio-frequency engineering and optoelectronics are brought together to provide an interface between the highly dissimilar media. Despite its tremendous potential, the widespread use and application of MWP is currently limited by the high-cost, bulky, complex, and power-consuming nature of its systems. Integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) have therefore been developed with the aim of incorporating MWP components/subsystems in monolithic or hybrid photonic circuits and to thus overcome some of the MWP limitations.